pan, pan pottime of the delay is slowly varied, and the
Short for panoramic potentiometer. A pancombination of the two signals results in a dra-
pot is used to position (or even move back andmatic moving comb-filter effect. Phasing is
forth) a monaural sound source in a stereosometimes imitated by sweeping a comb-filter
mixing field by adjusting the sourceOs volumeEQ across a signal. A comb filter can be found
between the left and right channels. Ourin your back pocket.
brains sense stereo position by hearing this dif-phone jack
ference in loudness when the sound strikesEver see those old telephone switchboards
each ear, taking into account time delay, spec-with hundreds of jacks and patch cords and
trum, ambient reverberation and other cues.plugs? Those are phone jacks and plugs, now
parametric EQused widely with musical instruments and au-
A Ofully� parametric EQ is an extremelydio equipment. A phone jack is the female
powerful equalizer that allows smooth, con-connector, and we use them in 1�4" two-
tinuous control of each of the three primaryconductor (TS) and three-conductor (TRS)
EQ parameters (frequency, gain, and band-versions.
width) in each section independently. OSemi�phone plug
parametric EQs allow control of fewer param-The male counterpart to the phone jack,
eters, usually frequency and gain (i.e., theyright above.
have a fixed bandwidth, but variable centerphono jack
frequency and gain).See RCA phono jack.
peakingphono plug
The opposite of dipping, of course. A peak isSee RCA phono plug.
an EQ curve that looks like a hill, or a peak.post-fader
Peaking with an equalizer amplifies a band ofA term used to describe an aux send
frequencies.(usually) that is connected so that it is affected
PFLby the setting of the associated channel fader.
An acronym for Pre Fade Listen. Broadcast-Sends connected this way are typically (but not
ers would call it cueing. Sound folks call italways) used for effects. See pre-fader.
being able to solo a channel with the faderpot, potentiometer
down.In electronics, a variable resistor that varies
phantom powerthe potential, or voltage. In audio, any rotary
A system of providing electrical power foror slide control.
condenser microphones (and some electronicpre-fader
pickup devices) from the sound mixer. TheA term used to describe an aux send
system is called phantom because the power is(usually) that is connected so that it is not af-
carried on standard microphone audio wiringfected by the setting of the associated channel
in a way that is Oinvisible� to ordinary dynamicfader. Sends connected this way are typically
microphones. Mackie mixers use standard +48(but not always) used for monitors (foldback).
volt DC power, switchable on or off. Most qual-See post-fader.
ity condenser microphones are designed to useproximity effect
+48 VDC phantom power. Check theThe property of many directional micro-
manufacturerOs recommendations.phones to accentuate their bass response when
Generally, phantom power is safe to usethe source-to-mic distance is small, typically
with non-condenser microphones as well, es-three inches or less. Singers generally like this
pecially dynamic microphones. However,effect even more than singing in the shower.
unbalanced microphones, some electronicQ
equipment (such as some wireless microphoneA way of stating the bandwidth of a filter or
receivers) and some ribbon microphones canequalizer section. An EQ with a Q of .75 is
short out the phantom power and be severelybroad and smooth, while a Q of 10 gives a nar-
damaged. Check the manufacturerOs recom-row, pointed response curve. To calculate the
mendations and be careful!value of Q, you must know the center fre-
phasingquency of the EQ section and the frequencies
A delay effect, where the original signal isat which the upper and lower skirts fall 3dB
mixed with a short (0 to 10 msec) delay. Thebelow the level of the center frequency. Q
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ACEC
